Peer Pressure, Conformity And Rebellion Essay - 1586 Words

Peer Pressure, Conformity and Rebellion How does peer pressure, conformity, and Rebellion affect Adolescents in society? Karla Rios Prof: Jocelyn Castillo Social Psychology Fall 2016 New Jersey City University Abstract The purpose of this literature review paper is to navigate and explore different effects in society towards peer pressure, conformity and rebellion. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: How does peer pressure, conformity, and rebellion affects adolescents in society? The main goal of this review is to have knowledge of the effects of this three concepts such as: peer pressure, conformity and rebellion. Key Words: Peer pressure, conformity, rebellion Have you ever wondered why most people have a tendency of following the dictates of the majority only to have a feeling of satisfaction? It is normal for adolescents to have the need of feeling accepted in society. Adolescents are capable of doing anything just to belong in a group they would want to feel accepted, they would do what it takes no matter the results of it. Most of the time this results happen to be life changing, leading adolescents to accept peer pressure, conformity, which then will advance to rebellion. These adolescents will eventually end up having a problematic and self- damaging life with avoidable consequences. Adolescent can be influence by peer to change even their appearance for example, clothes plays a huge role when a peer is notShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Conformity?2510 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Individuals tend to conform to just about anything. Conformity can be viewed in a positive way in relation to societal norms. At the same time, conformity can also be destructive especially when it comes to decisions made by adolescents. Conformity together with peer pressure happens to be a persistent issue in the society. Conformity is the tendency of acting according to social norms in the society. This does not involve person judgment or perception as a decision happens to beRead MoreMind Control Methods in 1984 Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pages Winston has constant reminders that Big Brother, the leader of the Inner Party, is always watching and regulating his daily events. The Inner party makes such rules, so that the lower parties become weaker and weaker and less chance of rebellion. The spirits and pocket of the people are empty. This is good for the Inner Party because it keeps them in power, which is in turn richer. Yet, Winston rebels against Big Brother and wont let the government control him in such a way. WinstonRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1306 Words   |  6 PagesBenjamin Wiki - Conformity Intro â€Å"Conformity is behaviour in accordance with socially accepted conventions.† - One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest The novel is set in the 1960’s inside a mental institution told by a patient, Big Chief Bromden and can be seen as a miniature mirror of society. The wards society is presented as a machine, called the Combine, that makes everyone conform to its strict rules and timetables. All individuality is taken away from the patients, and the happy feelings areRead More Teen Conformity in Sinclair Lewis Babbitt and in Society Today3030 Words   |  13 PagesTeen Conformity in Babbitt and in Society Today      Ã‚   In society today, people feel the need to belong. They feel as though they have to be a part of something in order to feel special. At times, they will go so far as to lose their individuality and submit themselves into complete ignorance just to be able to know that there is someone or something to which they can always fall back on. Conformity is one of the most common and most apparent forms of Babbittry in the twenty - first centuryRead MoreOf Social Conformity In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises And Babbitt1582 Words   |  7 PagesDalia Makhlouf Gregory Beirich History 173 11 December 2017 Social Conformity: The Sun Also Rises and Babbitt Conformity can be understood as the adjusting self as per accepted standards while social conformity, in particular, refers to that adjustment made by a person to fit in the prevailing nature of a particular group. In this understanding, social compliance can be the changing of one’s behavior and other actions to reflect those of a social group, family, friends or community in general. InRead MoreRoutine Activity Theory By Marcus Felson1148 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivation. A criminal maybe motivated because of a social strain with his family, peers, or an institution, which may cause that person to lose faith in the major elements in an individual life, and that individual develops anger which is the main source of feeling when an individual commits a crime. An individual who know has a strained relationship with a part that strongly supported or helped loses conformity and chooses a criminal career in order to attack the elements he believes played a roleRead MoreThe Phenome na of Female Gangs1253 Words   |  6 Pagesare from single mom/dad family or their parents are divorced or their family is given too much pressure on them, therefore they refuse to stay at home taking moaning but instead to join the gangs. Another reasons for the interviewees to join the gangs is because they think the school is boring and the course are impartical, so they will rather joining gangs to look for the sense of similarity from peers. They usually join the gangs through their boyfriends whose are usually one of the members of gangRead MoreCaue and Effects of Peer Pressure2128 Words   |  9 PagesJordan LeBlanc Professor Williams English 1301 October 28, 2012 Causes and Effects of Peer Pressure Peer pressure has a much greater effect on adolescent teens than any other factor. Think about it, teens spend more of their waking hours with peers than family members. The interaction is direct, and much more powerful than the influence of teachers and other authority figures. Peer pressure tends to have more of an effect on children with low self-esteem. If a child feels compelled to fitRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde And Disobedience1079 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority; in society, it is fueled by the free will of the people and their desire for freedom and justice. There have been both altruistic and malevolent leaders at every point in history, as well as those who follow them peacefully, or stage a rebellion. The ability to disagree with one’s government and to act upon this discontent is the core skill of the people when attempting to dethrone tyrants. Wilde is correct in saying that disobedience is an integral virtue of humanity that promotes s ocialRead MoreRetaining a Korean Identity Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesto the notion that people were the same based on where they were from, to rephrase the question often put to me then, as ethnicity was not yet introduced as the politically-correct term. As I progressed through the public school system, the pressure to conform by ethnicity did not come so much from the non-minority groups but from the minority groups themselves. We are alike, as popular minority sentiment went, because our parents came from the same place. That is why our hair is the same

The Effects Of Stress On Being A Schoolteacher - 1422 Words

Introduction In this essay, I will be looking at the research on the stress involved in being a schoolteacher. Teaching in schools is now widely recognised as being one of the ‘high stress’ occupations, and we need to understand the causes of stress for teachers and how it can be reduced (Dollard et al., 2003; Kyriacou, 2000). The term ‘stress’ in the context of the occupational setting of teaching has been conceptualised in three main ways by researchers (Cole and Walker, 1989; Dunham and Varma, 1998). Some have used the term to describe the level of pressure and demands placed on the teacher. Some have used the term to refer to the teacher’s emotional and behavioural responses to such demands. Most writers define stress as†¦show more content†¦Burnout is often displayed as a lack of interest and enthusiasm for the work, a sense of being detached and withdrawn at work, and by displaying a cynical attitude towards new initiatives and towards colleagues. Measuring teacher stress Early research on teacher stress was bedevilled with problems of measurement. Not surprisingly, research on teacher stress has been dominated by the use of questionnaires. However, self-report measures of teacher stress have many short-comings. Firstly, one teacher’s use of the term stress may differ from another’s – one teacher might say they experienced stress whenever they felt annoyed, whilst another would reserve this term only for when they felt they were on the verge of exploding with anger. Secondly, self-report is subject to context – some teachers might it easier to report stress in one context (e.g. getting all the marking done in time) than in another (e.g. dealing with class control problems). The third problem, is how to take account of the distinction between the frequency of an event occurring and the intensity of the stress such an event invokes: is it sensible to say that a frequently occurring but low intensity source of stress (e.g. pu pils arriving late for a lesson might be very frequent but only causes low level stress) equates to a fairly rare but very intense event (a pupil throwing an object at the teacher in the classroom)? Some researchers have developed more precise

Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Society free essay sample

CSR in India and Its Impact on Society Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about how businesses align their values and behavior with the expectations and needs of stakeholders not just customers and investors, but also employees, suppliers, communities, regulators, special interest groups and society as a whole. CSR describes a companys commitment to be accountable to its stakeholders. With businesses focusing on generating profits, sustainability was not a popular concern among companies up until recently. In this era of globalization, multinational corporations (those that conduct business in more than one country) and local businesses are no longer able to conduct destructive and unethical practices, such as polluting the environment, without attracting negative feedback from the general public. With increased media attention, pressure from non-governmental organizations, and rapid global information sharing, there is a surging demand from civil society, consumers, governments, and others for corporations to conduct sustainable business practices. In addition, in order to attract and retain employees and customers, companies are beginning to realize the importance of being ethical while running their daily operations. The corporate response has often meant an adoption of a new consciousness, and this has been known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) since the 1970s. Key CSR issues include governance, environmental management, stakeholder engagement, labor standards, employee and community relations, social equity, responsible sourcing and human rights. CSR is not only about fulfilling a duty to society; it should also bring competitive advantage. Many CSR initiatives are executed by corporates in partnership with Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who are well versed in working with the local communities and are experts in tackling specific social problems. CSR is not a new concept in India. Corporates like the Tata Group, the Aditya Birla Group, and Indian Oil Corporation, to name a few, have been involved in serving the community ever since their inception. Many other organizations have been doing their part for the society through donations and charity events. Today, CSR in India has gone beyond merely charity and donations, and is approached in a more organized fashion. It has become an integral part of the corporate strategy. Companies have CSR teams that devise specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to support them. These programs, in many cases, are based on a clearly defined social philosophy or are closely aligned with the companies’ business expertise. Employees become the backbone of these initiatives and volunteer their time and contribute their skills, to implement them. CSR Programs could range from overall development of a community to supporting specific causes like education, environment, healthcare etc. As stated by the department of Trade and Industry in the United Kingdom, CSR represents the integrity with which a company governs itself, fulfills its mission, lives by its values, engages with its stakeholders, measures its impact and reports on its activities. Although most people appreciate the recent advancement of CSR, some argue that corporations are still not doing enough or are only acting in self interest. These people say that multinational corporations are acting ethically in areas that are highly regulated, such as North America, but at the same time, they are acting in an opposite manner in other parts of the world (such as using cheap or child labour). In addition, while corporations must have good CSR policies in order to maintain their reputation, they are also expected to maximize profits for stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, and customers. Therefore, people argue that businesses do not put in a sufficient amount of resources to achieve what they have promised in their CSR policies. ITC’S CSR Initiative One of the leading example of CSR in india is ITC’s Agri Business Division, one of India’s largest exporters of agricultural commodities, has conceived e-Choupal as a more efficient supply chain aimed at delivering value to its customers around the world on a sustainable basis. GlaxoSmithKline CSR Initiative On the other hand GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals’ CSR programs primarily focus on health and healthy living. They work in tribal villages where they provide medical check-up and treatment, health camps and health awareness programs. They also provide money, medicines and equipment to non-profit organizations that work towards improving health and education in under-served communities. IPCA Laboratories Ltd, CSR Initiatives: Healthcare, Education The company is committed to good corporate citizenship. As a part of its corporate social responsibility, the company has undertaken a range of activities in respect of healthcare and education to improve living conditions of people living in the neighborhood of its manufacturing facilities It has also supported several healthcare and educational projects undertaken by charitable institutions and organizations. The company considers safety, environment and health as the management responsblity. Regular employee training carried out in the manufacturing facilities on safety and environment. Indian Oil Limited, CSR Initiatives: At Indian Oil, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been the cornerstone of success right from inception in the year 1964. Every year, Indian Oil sets aside a fixed portion of its profits for spreading smiles in millions of lives across the country through a comprehensive community welfare and development programme. About one-fourth of the community development funds are spent on the welfare of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe beneficiaries. Indian Oil’s community-focused initiatives include allotment of petrol/diesel station dealerships and LPG distributorships to beneficiaries from among Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, physically handicapped, ex-servicemen, war widows, etc. The Corporation has also unveiled kisan seva kendras as small-format retail outlets to reach quality products and services to people in the rural areas. Indian Oil has also set up the Indian Oil Foundation (IOF) as a non-profit trust to protect, preserve and promote national heritage monuments. The Corporation also supports a variety of endeavors in arts, culture, music and dance, apart from organizing programmes on its own under the banners of Indian Oil Art Exhibition, Indian Oil Sangeet Sabha and Indian Oil Kavi Sammelan. â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in India sets a realistic agenda of grassroots development through alliances and partnerships with sustainable development approaches.

Tim McGraw - Live Like You Were Dying free essay sample

When someone asks who I think is a good country male vocalist, a certain name pops into my head. He has a strong voice with great power and many number-one hits. Yes, you guessed it, it’s Tim McGraw. He has outstanding CDs and has done some astonishing work, so when I got the new â€Å"Live Like You Were Dying,† I was very surprised to find it was not worth the $16 I paid for it. When I got the CD, I was so excited to listen to it, but I was not impressed. In fact, it was awful. I had bought it for the inspiring â€Å"Live Like You Were Dying,† but the rest of the songs don’t have that McGraw kick. Tim McGraw is such an excellent vocalist and has so many great albums I just don’t understand what went wrong. This is by far his worst album. When you are in a store, don’t bother looking for â€Å"Live Like You Were Dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim McGraw Live Like You Were Dying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † It’s not worth your time or money.

Final year project Essay Example

Final year project Essay Example Final year project Essay Final year project Essay Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in particular area such as engineering, medical, government, hospitality and more. in other words technology are an application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to changing and manipulating the human environment. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more productive. Technology now days have played a big part in humankinds life. The more we are oming to the end of time, the more complex the technology gets. Nowadays, technology is important not to Just at certain age but also they have win a place in the youngsters heart. Even now parent needs to buy their three years old child an iPad or anything technology devices. The ppercentage of children age three to fifteen use more technology than adult does. Technology now days are important because it will increase our standard of living, furthermore technology has brought advancement in agriculture, engineering and architecture sector. : Other than that, the medical, tourism, education, entertainment ector also has increased due to the rising technology in our country compared to the 90th century, the technology in Malaysia has grown a little by little in many sector such as the education sector, government, medical sector, hospitality sector and many more. as we trying keep up with the country that have developed faster than us like, the United State of America, the Great Britain, Germany, and all the first class countries. Technology plays an important role in the hospitality and tourism sector. Both customer and business can benefits from advances in communication, reservation and guest service system. Technology allows continuous communication and streamlines the guest experience, from reservation to checkout. As the research that has been made by the developer, the old system using manual Torm Tor user to register ana 000K tne notel room. I ne data 0T guest InTormatlon are saved in many files. If the same guest want to stay at another time in the hotel, it will become hard for the staff of the hotel to find information that have been saved before because of many files were there. Besides that, the old system can be conclude as not systematic. It is because of using more space to place the cabinets or helves to store the data that have been needed from the guest. While using the new and improved system, company doesnt have the need to use many paper or plastic files to save and keep the information of the guest. Data Just need to be save in the systems database. Using the new system also makes it easy for company to avoid clash booking on the same room with another guest. It can also save time for the guest in which they do not need to fill any registration from and saving costs for the company as no paper used in term to fulfill the requirement form. The system that developer wants to develop is about Walk-in hotel reservation ystem which is name as GoldReservation. net. GoldReservation. net is one of the systems which will be developed especially to increase pproduactivity, work efficiently and arrange data requirement and management in smart order. It is also is the one of the system that offers modern of management styles to the guest and staff. . 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Before the system is developed, our company used manual system in which all details about guest of the hotel, the hotel staff, and payment are kept on specifies Tiles, eltner It Is Keep In normal Tile In tne computer or Keep In tne paper 0T plastic iles and kept and arranged onto cabinets and shelves. We found that the system was not efficient and need to be improved and upgrade. So t hat, we intend to build and develop GoldReservation. net which the system can store data in one computer as a standalone system. These are some limitation about the old system we had used before:- 1. 2. 1 Time Using the manual system, guest will go the counter to make registration and book rooms for their staying. They must fulfill the registration form to book the hotel room. This can take many times in term of going to counter and fill the requirement needed. 1. 2. 2 cost Besides that, using the old manual system also tend to use a lot of paper to record the reservation details, staff profile, payment, and many more. Furthermore we need to store it as reference at secure place from uncertain difficulties. . 2. 3 Efficiency Slightly difficult to update, modify and delete the data rather than using database system. With the new system, it is easy to remove, add, or delete any data that we want to change. 1. 3 PROJECT AND SYSTEM OBJECTIVE We want to create an offline system for the staff of the hotel to make reservation for guest who comes to our hotel. Here are some of the objectives of this offline eservation system. 1. 3. 1 This system is creates to facilitates our staff into making reservation for the guest who come to our hotel. This system not only for room reservation but it can dividing the staff according to the guests. Each guest will be receiving their own hotel staff or chaperon to guide their vacation or business while they are staying in the Royal Gold Hotel. 1. 3. 2 Besides that, it is convenient for the staffs because the system help them on the working schedule. The staffs schedule will be given by the department of each staff represent like the department of room service will divide their staff according he room reserved in the hotel. With this system, it will make all staff happy because no more mix up schedule between all the staff. Furthermore, this system can create a good relationship between the guest 1 . 3. 3 and our staff as they have interacted with each others upon the guest staying. It can create a friendly environment in the hotel and make the Royal Gold Hotel the Trlenallest oe n Asla ana acn n OtelS o 1. 4 PROJECT SCOPE Hotel room reservation system is a system that had been developed to make easy practice for the staff and guest. This system is focus and built for hotel management on guest staying. Now days, people often reserve hotel room for their stay for their vacation and even for Jobs travelling, but they dont have enough knowledge and resources to develop the system. With this system, they can manage the reservation of hotels rooms like booking of the rooms, time of staying, and how many person can stay in one certain room and to have no redundancy on two guest booked one same room. 1. 4. 1 Registration and Booking The guest will be needed to go to the counter for booking and registration for the stay. With this new system, guest will no need to fill up any form, as the staff will fill a isual form in the computer while guest only need to give their identity card upon registration and booking. 1. 4. 2 Staff Work Schedule and Task There will no need for the staff to have a load of work as the new system will help them placed in their workstation and task. The new system provide work given to staff as a guest come and reserve a room, the guest will be given at least 4 staff form each department to help them through their staying in the hotel. . 4. 3 Payment and Receipt The only paper used for the receipt as the guest checking out, staff on the reception rea will print a receipt as the guest is making payment for their staying 1. 5 METHODOLOGY System development life-cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describe the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintains of the completed application . Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), Rapid application development (RAD), and Joint application development CAD) the fountain model and spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some ort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is a crucial regardless of the type of model cnosen or aevlsea Tor any appllcatlon, ana Is usually nave In parallel wltn development process. Some method work better for specifies type of project, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be have closely particular plan was follow. Our company uses Visual Basic and Microsoft Access because it is easy to manage the system. The image below is the classic waterfall model methodology, which is the first SDLC method and it describe the various phases involved in development. Figure 1. 1 Waterfall Model Feasibility Feasibility used to determine if the project should get the go- ahead. Feasibility describe problem or desired changes in process. The purpose of this phase is to perform a preliminary investigation to identify the nature and scope of business oopportunity or problem. A key part of preliminary investigation is a feasibility study reviews anticipated used, and benefits and recommends a course of action based on operational, technical, economics and factor. If the project is to proceed, the feasibility study will produce a project plan and budgets estimation for the future tages of development. Analysis At tnls pnase, tne aetallea steps or works plan Is developed Tor conauctlng tne remaining phase of the SDLC for the purpose system. By the time the analysis phase is concluding, the team should be ready for the designing phase of the system. Design During in the phase of designing the system, the developers have to determine the necessary spacification for the hardware, software, people, resources and the information package that will satisfy the functional requirement of the purpose system can be determine. The design will serve as prototype for the system and elps to detect problems. Implementation In this phase, the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written using a conventional pprogramming language or an application generator. Pprogramming tools like Compilers, Interpreters and debuggers are used to generate the code. Different high level pprogramming languages like MySql is used for coding and databases. With respect to the type of application, the right pprogramming language is chosen. Testing The testing phase requires developers to complete various test to ensure the accuracy of programmed code. The inclusion of expected functionality and the nteroperability of applications and others network components. Furthermore, testing phase is critical because to ensure the system meets the developers and the end- user requirements. Maintenance Certainly the system will need maintenance. There are many reasons for the change. Changes could happen because some unexpected input values into the system. In addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the software operations. The software should be developed to contain changes that could happen during post implementation period. Technology has played a big part in every single human life in this new era of life. Statistic show, more than two over three of hotel room are being stay by their guest in one night. More technology are being used by hotels now day to be the best hotel in the traveling industry. Not only these technologies attract more people who come and stay but they also help on reducing paper usage and other earths resources to save the mother earth and be environmental friendly. However, the main cause of these hotels use the technology now days because of the guest satisfaction on the hotels services and ease up the hotels staff work apart from being the best in the world.

Cloud computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloud computing - Essay Example IT gurus administer the fused cloud platforms by means of the advanced knowledge of the virtual servers and the virtualization skills. Infrastructure and applications that promote cloud computing acceptance, attraction of IT Professionals towards cloud computing, and cloud adoption and rejection factors are fundamental. Cloud acceptance: (After reading the slide) let me explain this with the help of a diagram: Organizations that use cloud service can be categorized into three types based on their size; the mega enterprises, the large enterprises, and the medium enterprises. Cloud services used by them are of different kinds including collaboration, software services, desktops and infrastructure, and disaster recovery backup. Here, you can notice that while many enterprises are already using these kinds of services, there is a substantial number of organizations that are considering to use these services, which indicates that cloud computing is growing in popularity. ... nificance and value to the IT implementers because of the benefits its offers that include but are not limited to work efficiencies, support, enhanced productivity, and low-cost initiatives. More benefits of cloud computing are illustrated in the sixth slide. Virtual Infrastructure Cloud computing’s property of virtualization functions most efficiently at the minimization of the cost and complications of the IT operations. There are numerous other advantages that have worked for virtualization that primarily include improved accessibility, virtual maturity, larger data storage capacities, mobility and efficiency. IT executives invest in the cloud initiatives for a variety of reasons including saving money, increased predictability of costs, improved IT customer service, increased productivity, and standardized IT. As you can see in the diagram, the prime motivation behind investing in the cloud initiatives is minimization of cost and saving of money. Increased predictability o f costs and improved IT customer service are equally strong motivators following the saving of money. IT staff supports the cloud initiatives in order to be more efficient, to work with the latest technology, to improve the IT customer service, to maintain a current set of skills, and to minimize the complexity of the job. There is variation among the decision maker and implementer IT staff’s motivations behind supporting the cloud initiatives as evident from the graph. Except for the motivation of keeping the set of skills current, there is a greater number of the decision maker IT staff that is motivated by all of the aforementioned factors as compared to the implementer IT staff. This speaks of the fact that these factors play an important role in the decision making in the IT departments.

Usability issues in smart phones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Usability issues in smart phones - Essay Example It had a variety of applications including a phone book, a calendar and email facilities. Simon was first marketed in 1994 by Bellsouth and was sold at a very high price. Since then the smart phone has come along way. Today smart phones combine all the functions of a GSM mobile phone with a personal computer. They are also known as personal digital assistant (PDA) phones or personal information managers (PIMs). Almost all smart phones feature a built-in-camera, internet access, e-mail capabilities and numerous multimedia functions like streaming audio and video. They also contain phone books, calendars, memos, stopwatches, calendars, alarm clocks, calculators, to-do lists and various other sorts of organizers. Smart phones can have any additional interface like a miniature QWERTY keyboard, a touch screen, D-pad or a track ball. One of the important features of smart phones is that they allow the user to install additional software, even from third party sources. Most smart phones come with their own operating systems which adds to their functionality and makes programming them that much easier. (Dave and Jonathan, n.d) Operating system is responsible for managing other programs or applications. It also manages the internal memory of the device. For a multitasking operating system it has the job of deciding the order in which each program will run. The operating system is the most important software in any smart phone it manages the phones hardware and software resources. The most common operating systems used in smart phones are Linux is one of the most common operating systems used in smart phones. Linux is an example of Open Source development and free software; unlike proprietary operating systems such as Windows, all of its underlying source code is available to the general public for anyone to freely use, modify, and redistribute subject to the appropriate license agreements. And although Linux is harder to manage than